Runs stored procedures in more than a dozen programming languages, including Java, etc. Permits the database designer to create rules which identify specific operations for a given table or view. Offers the ability to database designers to derive new tables from other tables.
PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) created originally at University of California. Its SQL implementation strongly conforms to the ANSI-SQL 92/99 standards supporting it. It has full support for triggers, views, queries, stored procedures, joins, multiple languages, among others. Some features of this Database include multi version concurrency control (MVCC), point in time recovery, tablespaces, replication (asynchronous), nested transaction, online backups, fault tolerance and many other sophisticated features to provide data integrity.
Some of the allowed maximum values offer big possibilities for huge database systems: unlimited maximum Database size, rows per table and indexes per table, or 32TB maximum for a table's size. The system supports SSL and IPv6 protocols. It also supports many data types, like arrays and XML among many others. Third party contributions are also important for this ORDBMS, because many of the tools to develop, access or use this database exist only because of them. The system also supports GIS (Geographical Information System) data and it can be used for mapping and localization purposes.
The current release includes many fixes reported by its contributors and some new features like full text search integration, support for SQL/XML standard, includes some new data types (enumerated, arrays of composite types, XML, Universal Unique Identifier), it improves logging and statics collections, and much more.
Its installation process is very easy to perform; moreover, some third party utilities and programs are included depending your requests or needs. The Stack Builder utility manages all the installations. Its GUI depends on how would you like to view your data; a nice program to view and manage your databases is pgAdmin III. Its documentation is very complete and detailed; you can find a lot of documentation in its website and included with the program. PostgreSQL works in Linux, UNIX and Windows platforms.
v13.0 [Aug 15, 2020]
- Allow pruning of partitions to happen in more cases.
- Allow partitionwise joins to happen in more cases.
- Support row-level BEFORE triggers on partitioned tables.
- Allow partitioned tables to be logically replicated via publications.
- Allow logical replication into partitioned tables on subscribers.
- Allow whole-row variables.
- More efficiently store duplicates in B-tree indexes.
- Allow GiST and SP-GiST indexes on box columns to support ORDER BY box <-> point queries.
- Allow GIN indexes to more efficiently handle !.
- Allow index operator classes to take parameters.
- Allow CREATE INDEX to specify the GiST signature length and maximum number of integer ranges.
- Prevent indexes that use non-default collations from being added as a table's unique or primary key constraint.
- Improve the optimizer's selectivity estimation for containment/match operators.
- Allow setting the statistics target for extended statistics.
- Allow use of multiple extended statistics objects in a single query.
- Allow use of extended statistics objects for OR clauses and IN/ANY constant lists.
- Allow functions in FROM clauses to be pulled up.
- Implement incremental sorting.
- Improve the performance of sorting inet values.
- Allow hash aggregation to use disk storage for large aggregation result sets.
- Allow inserts, not only updates and deletes, to trigger vacuuming activity in autovacuum.
- Add maintenance_io_concurrency parameter to control I/O concurrency for maintenance operations.
- Allow WAL writes to be skipped during a transaction that creates or rewrites a relation, if wal_level is minimal.
- Improve performance when replaying DROP DATABASE commands when many tablespaces are in use.
- Improve performance for truncation of very large relations.
- Improve retrieval of the leading bytes of TOAST'ed values.
- Improve performance of LISTEN/NOTIFY.
- Speed up conversions of integers to text.
- Reduce memory usage for query strings and extension scripts that contain many SQL statements.
- Allow EXPLAIN, auto_explain, autovacuum, and pg_stat_statements to track WAL usage statistics.
- Allow a sample of SQL statements, rather than all statements, to be logged.
- Add the backend type to csvlog and optionally log_line_prefix log output.
- Improve control of prepared statement parameter logging.
- Allow function call backtraces to be logged after errors.
- Make vacuum buffer counters 64-bits wide to avoid overflow.
- Add leader_pid to pg_stat_activity to report a parallel worker's leader process.
- Add system view pg_stat_progress_basebackup to report the progress of streaming base backups.
- Add system view pg_stat_progress_analyze to report ANALYZE progress.
- Add system view pg_shmem_allocations to display shared memory usage.
- Add system view pg_stat_slru to monitor internal SLRU caches.
- Allow track_activity_query_size to be set as high as 1MB.
- Report a wait event while creating a DSM segment with posix_fallocate().
- Add wait event VacuumDelay to report on cost-based vacuum delay.
- Add wait events for WAL archive and recovery pause.
- Add wait events RecoveryConflictSnapshot and RecoveryConflictTablespace to monitor recovery conflicts.
- Improve performance of wait events on BSD-based systems.
- Allow only superusers to view the ssl_passphrase_command setting.
- Change the server's default minimum TLS version for encrypted connections from 1.0 to 1.2.
- Tighten rules on which utility commands are allowed in read-only transaction mode.
- Allow allow_system_table_mods to be changed after server start.
- Disallow non-superusers from modifying system tables when allow_system_table_mods is set.
- Enable support for Unix-domain sockets on Windows.
- Allow streaming replication configuration settings to be changed by reload.
- Allow WAL receivers to use a temporary replication slot when a permanent one is not specified.
- Allow WAL storage for replication slots to be limited by max_slot_wal_keep_size.
- Allow standby promotion to cancel any requested pause.
- Generate an error if recovery does not reach the specified recovery target.
- Allow control over how much memory is used by logical decoding before it is spilled to disk.
- Allow recovery to continue even if invalid pages are referenced by WAL.
- Allow VACUUM to process a table's indexes in parallel.
- Allow FETCH FIRST to use WITH TIES to return any additional rows that match the last result row.
- Report planning-time buffer usage in EXPLAIN's BUFFER output.
- Make CREATE TABLE LIKE propagate a CHECK constraint's NO INHERIT property to the created table.
- When using LOCK TABLE on a partitioned table, do not check permissions on the child tables.
- Allow OVERRIDING USER VALUE on inserts into identity columns.
- Add ALTER TABLE ... DROP EXPRESSION to allow removing the GENERATED property from a column.
- Fix bugs in multi-step ALTER TABLE commands.
- Add ALTER VIEW syntax to rename view columns.
Feature-rich relational database known for its high performance and excellent concurrency
