Generate and update software by writing its code in the programming language that boasts extensive libraries as well as broad interoperability. Written and executed code is optionally tested and adjusted an unlimited number of times via the built-in interpreter.
Python is described as a Dynamic Object-Oriented Programming language, but it can be used for many other purposes as well. The basic advantage of Python relies in its clear syntax, which gives a nice cushion to beginners. What I mean by “clear syntax” is that programming with Python is similar to writing a normal text, very similar to day-to-day English language.
Using Python you can do a lot more things on your own. It helps you to write GUI-based programs, to access your databases, to integrate it with XML data, to perform network-related programming, to extend the programming capabilities of C, to seamlessly integrate with Java, and much more.
Python comes with two types of environments you can work with, namely is “GUI-based Integrated Development Environment” and the classic command line. Python is always known for its quick, robust, reliable, and reusable applications. Its “blocks” programming philosophy helps you to build on scalable projects easily. With its unique memory management (such as the “garbage collection”, in order to clean up memory cycles), it keeps its own place among other programming languages.
Python supports almost all existing platforms. It runs flawlessly with Windows, Linux, UNIX, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga, Palm devices, Nokia mobile phones, Java and .Net Virtual Machines.
v3.2.5150 [Feb 20, 2011]
It mainly fixes a regression in the urllib.request module that prevented opening many HTTP resources correctly with Python 3.2.1.
Issue #12732: In narrow unicode builds, allow Unicode identifiers which fall
outside the BMP.
Issue #11603: Fix a crash when __str__ is rebound as __repr__. Patch by Andreas Stührk.
Issue #11321: Fix a crash with multiple imports of the _pickle module when embedding Python. Patch by Andreas Stührk.
Verify the types of AST strings and identifiers provided by the user before compiling them.
Issue #12579: str.format_map() now raises a ValueError if used on a format string that contains positional fields. Initial patch by Julian Berman.
Issue #11627: Fix segfault when __new__ on a exception returns a non-exception class.
Issue #12149: Update the method cache after a type's dictionnary gets cleared by the garbage collector. This fixes a segfault when an instance and its type get caught in a reference cycle, and the instance's deallocator calls one of the methods on the type (e.g. when subclassing
IOBase). Diagnosis and patch by Davide Rizzo.
When a generator yields, do not retain the caller's exception state on the generator.
Issue #12475: Prevent generators from leaking their exception state into the caller's frame as they return for the last time.
Library
Issue #11513: Fix exception handling ``tarfile.TarFile.gzopen()`` when the file cannot be opened.
Issue #12687: Fix a possible buffering bug when unpickling text mode (protocol 0, mostly) pickles.
Issue #10087: Fix the html output format of the calendar module.
Issue #12540: Prevent zombie IDLE processes on Windows due to changes in os.kill().
Issue #12683: urlparse updated to include svn as schemes that uses relative paths. (svn from 1.5 onwards support relative path).
Issues #11104, #8688: Fix the behavior of distutils' sdist command with manually-maintained MANIFEST files.
Issue #12464: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory.cleanup() should not follow symlinks: fix it. Patch by Petri Lehtinen.
Issue #8887: "pydoc somebuiltin.somemethod" (or help('somebuiltin.somemethod') in Python code) now finds the doc of the method.
Issue #12603: Fix pydoc.synopsis() on files with non-negative st_mtime.
Issue #12514: Use try/finally to assure the timeit module restores garbage collections when it is done.
Issue #12607: In subprocess, fix issue where if stdin, stdout or stderr is given as a low fd, it gets overwritten.
Issue #12590: IDLE editor window now always displays the first line when opening a long file. With Tk 8.5, the first line was hidden.
Issue #12576: Fix urlopen behavior on sites which do not send (or obfuscates) Connection:close header.
Issue #1813: Fix codec lookup under Turkish locales.
Issue #12591: Improve support of "universal newlines" in the subprocess module: the piped streams can now be properly read from or written to.
Issue #12591: Allow io.TextIOWrapper to work with raw IO objects (without a read1() method), and add an undocumented *write_through* parameter to mandate unbuffered writes.
Issue #9611, #9015: FileIO.read() clamps the length to INT_MAX on Windows.
Issue #10883: Fix socket leaks in urllib.request when using FTP.
Issue #12571: Add a plat-linux3 directory mirroring the plat-linux2 directory, so that "import DLFCN" and other similar imports work on
Linux 3.0.
Issue #7484: smtplib no longer puts around addresses in VRFY and EXPN commands; they aren't required and in fact postfix doesn't support that form. Close the call queue in concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor when shutdown() is called, without waiting for the garbage collector to kick in.
Issue #12502: asyncore: fix polling loop with AF_UNIX sockets.
Issue #4376: ctypes now supports nested structures with an endianness different than that of the parent structure. Patch by Vlad Riscutia.
Raise ValueError when attempting to set the _CHUNK_SIZE attribute of a TextIOWrapper to a huge value, not TypeError.
Issue #12493: subprocess: Popen.communicate() now also handles EINTR errors if the process has only one pipe.
Issue #12451: pydoc: html_getfile() now uses tokenize.open() to support Python modules using a encoding different than UTF-8 (reading the coding cookie of the module).
Issue #12451: pydoc: importfile() now opens the Python module in binary mode,
Issue #12451: runpy: run_path() now opens the Python module in binary mode, instead of text mode using the locale encoding, to support other encodings than UTF-8 (modules using the coding cookie).
Issue #12451: xml.dom.pulldom: parse() now opens files in binary mode instead of the text mode (using the locale encoding) to avoid encoding issues.
Extension Modules
Issue #10309: Define _GNU_SOURCE so that mremap() gets the proper signature. Without this, architectures where sizeof void* != sizeof int are broken. Patch given by Hallvard B Furuseth.
